Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Functional characterization of four glycosyltransferases for biosynthesis of steroidal saponins in medicinal plant Paris polyphylla

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reaction schemes and LC-MS analysis of Pp UGTs reactions with diosgenin and pennogenin . ( a ) Biosynthesis of trillin mediated by UGT91BP2 and UGT703R1–3 through transferring glucose from UDP-glucose to the C-3 OH position of diosgenin. ( b ) Extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of the in vitro enzyme activity assays of recombinant UGT91BP2 and UGT703R1–3 with UDP-glucose and diosgenin showing the formation of trillin, as compared to the authentic trillin standard. Control is the empty expression vector. ( c ) MS spectra of the enzymatic reaction products in hydrogen and sodium ion adducts compared to the fragmentation pattern of the trillin standard. The product molecular ions [M + H] + and [M +Na] + and the feature fragment ion [M + H − Glc] + with m / z 415.32 are marked. Of note, additional peaks observed in the diosgenin EIC ( m / z 415.32) for UGT703R1–3 might correspond to substrate isomeric impurities, in-source adducts, or minor non-enzymatic by-products; these peaks, which arose from the extracted ion flow of the substrate m / z , did not co-elute with the product, trillin , and therefore did not affect the interpretation of the product formation. ( d ) Biosynthesis of pennogenin 3- O -glucoside mediated by the UGT703R1–3 through transferring glucose from UDP-glucose to the C-3 OH position of pennogenin. ( e ) EICs of the in vitro enzyme activity assays of recombinant UGT91BP2 and UGT703R1–3 with UDP-glucose and pennogenin showing the formation of pennogenin 3- O -glucoside, compared to the control empty expression vector. ( f ) MS/MS spectra ([M + H – Glc] + and [M + H – Glc − H 2 O] + ) of the enzymatic reaction products.

Article Snippet: Diosgenin, pennogenin, and trillin standard compounds were purchased from Chengdu Push Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China).

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Transferring, In Vitro, Activity Assay, Recombinant, Control, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Functional characterization of four glycosyltransferases for biosynthesis of steroidal saponins in medicinal plant Paris polyphylla

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transient expression and characterization of Pp UGTs in Nicotiana benthamiana . ( a ) UHPLC-MS traces of the trillin formation in N. benthamiana leaf extracts transiently expressing UGT91BP2 and UGT703R1–3 with the infiltration of diosgenin substrate, compared to trillin authentic standard and empty vector control. Q1: parent ion; Q3: daughter ion. ( b ) Confocal microscopic images of the localization of UGT91BP2-GFP, UGT703R1-GFP, UGT703R2-GFP and UGT703R3-GFP in N. benthamiana leaves. DAPI (a nuclear-specific fluorescence dye) acts as a nucleus indicator. Scale bars, 20 μm. The experiments were repeated two times with similar results.

Article Snippet: Diosgenin, pennogenin, and trillin standard compounds were purchased from Chengdu Push Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China).

Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Fluorescence

Journal: Chemistry & Biodiversity

Article Title: Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti‐AChE, Anticancer, and Anti‐MRSA Activities With Docking Insights

doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71828

Figure Lengend Snippet: The viability of HT‐29 (A) and HDFa (B) cells was assessed following treatment with 3a–3d at concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µM. Cells were incubated with the compounds for either 24 or 48 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). Statistical significance was defined as * p < 0.05 compared with the control group.

Article Snippet: The MICs of compounds 3a–3d against MSSA (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) [ ].

Techniques: Incubation, Control

Journal: Chemistry & Biodiversity

Article Title: Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti‐AChE, Anticancer, and Anti‐MRSA Activities With Docking Insights

doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71828

Figure Lengend Snippet: IC 50 values were determined using the MTT assay in HT‐29 and HDFA cells following treatment with compounds 3a–3d for 24 and 48 h.

Article Snippet: The MICs of compounds 3a–3d against MSSA (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) [ ].

Techniques: MTT Assay

Journal: Chemistry & Biodiversity

Article Title: Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti‐AChE, Anticancer, and Anti‐MRSA Activities With Docking Insights

doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71828

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial effects of compounds 3a–3d assessed by the agar well diffusion assay: (A) comparison of inhibition zone diameters (mm) and representative inhibition zones against (B) MRSA and (C) MSSA.

Article Snippet: The MICs of compounds 3a–3d against MSSA (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) [ ].

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Comparison, Inhibition

Journal: Chemistry & Biodiversity

Article Title: Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti‐AChE, Anticancer, and Anti‐MRSA Activities With Docking Insights

doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71828

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiofilm activity of compounds 3a–3d against MRSA strain.

Article Snippet: The MICs of compounds 3a–3d against MSSA (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) [ ].

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Chemistry & Biodiversity

Article Title: Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti‐AChE, Anticancer, and Anti‐MRSA Activities With Docking Insights

doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71828

Figure Lengend Snippet: IC 50 (µM) and K i (µM) values for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the compounds 3a–3d , along with their linear regression coefficients ( R 2 ).

Article Snippet: The MICs of compounds 3a–3d against MSSA (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Chemistry & Biodiversity

Article Title: Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti‐AChE, Anticancer, and Anti‐MRSA Activities With Docking Insights

doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71828

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage inhibition values exhibited by compounds 3a–3d against the AChE enzyme at concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 µg/mL.

Article Snippet: The MICs of compounds 3a–3d against MSSA (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) [ ].

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Olaparib Blocks Oxidative Stress‐Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pediatric Acute Lung Injury by Metabolic Reprogramming via AMPK ‐Driven Autophagic Flux

doi: 10.1002/kjm2.70275

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olaparib activates AMPK‐dependent metabolic and autophagic responses in macrophages. (A) Cell viability of PMA‐differentiated THP‐1 macrophages treated with Olaparib (0–50 μM) was assessed using the CCK‐8 assay. * p < 0.05 versus control group. (B) NAD + /NADH ratio was measured in PMA‐differentiated THP‐1 macrophages under control, LPS/ATP, LPS/ATP + Olaparib (5 μM), LPS/ATP + Olaparib (10 μM), LPS/ATP + Olaparib (20 μM), and LPS/ATP + Olaparib (20 μM) + compound C (10 μM) conditions. (C) AMP/ATP ratio in THP‐1 macrophages across the indicated experimental groups. (D–E) Protein expression levels of p‐AMPK, AMPK, p‐ULK1, and ULK1 in THP‐1 macrophages assessed by Western blot. (F–G) LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio and p62 protein levels determined by Western blot analysis. (H–I) Autophagic flux in control, LPS/ATP, LPS/ATP + Olaparib (20 μM), and LPS/ATP + Olaparib (20 μM) + compound C (10 μM) groups evaluated using the mRFP–GFP–LC3 tandem fluorescent reporter system. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation from three independent experiments. &&& p < 0.001 versus control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus LPS/ATP group; ### p < 0.001 versus LPS/ATP + Olaparib (20 μM) group.

Article Snippet: In the combination group, compound C (20 mg/kg; 99.10% purity; HY‐13418A, MedChemExpress) was co‐administered with Olaparib (100 mg/kg) 1 h after LPS injection.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Analysis, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Olaparib Blocks Oxidative Stress‐Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pediatric Acute Lung Injury by Metabolic Reprogramming via AMPK ‐Driven Autophagic Flux

doi: 10.1002/kjm2.70275

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olaparib suppresses oxidative stress and NLRP3 activation via AMPK‐dependent autophagy in ALI mice. (A) NAD + /NADH ratio in lung tissues from control, LPS, LPS + Olaparib (50 mg/kg), LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg), and LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg) + compound C (20 mg/kg) groups. (B–C) Western blot analysis of p‐AMPK/AMPK and LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratios, along with p62 protein levels in lung tissues. (D–E) Immunohistochemical staining and quantification of 4‐HNE expression. (F) Measurement of MDA levels in lung tissues. (G) Levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in BALF determined by ELISA. (H–I) Western blot analysis of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase‐1 protein expression. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation ( n = 6). &&& p < 0.001 versus sham group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus LPS group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 versus LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg) group.

Article Snippet: In the combination group, compound C (20 mg/kg; 99.10% purity; HY‐13418A, MedChemExpress) was co‐administered with Olaparib (100 mg/kg) 1 h after LPS injection.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Western Blot, Analysis, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Olaparib Blocks Oxidative Stress‐Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pediatric Acute Lung Injury by Metabolic Reprogramming via AMPK ‐Driven Autophagic Flux

doi: 10.1002/kjm2.70275

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olaparib alleviates pulmonary injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in ALI mice. (A) Representative H&E‐stained lung sections from control, LPS, LPS + Olaparib (50 mg/kg), LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg), and LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg) + compound C (20 mg/kg) groups. (B) Quantification of lung injury score. (C) Lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio assessment. (D–E) Immunohistochemical staining and quantification of F4/80‐positive areas in lung tissues. (F) MPO activity in BALF. (G) MPO activity in lung tissue homogenates. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation ( n = 6). &&& p < 0.001 versus sham group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus LPS group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 versus LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg) group.

Article Snippet: In the combination group, compound C (20 mg/kg; 99.10% purity; HY‐13418A, MedChemExpress) was co‐administered with Olaparib (100 mg/kg) 1 h after LPS injection.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Activity Assay, Tissue, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

Article Title: Olaparib Blocks Oxidative Stress‐Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pediatric Acute Lung Injury by Metabolic Reprogramming via AMPK ‐Driven Autophagic Flux

doi: 10.1002/kjm2.70275

Figure Lengend Snippet: Olaparib reduces lung barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in ALI mice. (A–B) Protein expression levels of ZO‐1, claudin‐5, and VE‐cadherin in lung tissues from control, LPS, LPS + Olaparib (50 mg/kg), LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg), and LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg) + compound C (20 mg/kg) groups were analyzed by Western blot. (C–D) TUNEL staining and quantification of TUNEL‐positive area in lung tissues. (E–F) Western blot analysis of Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 protein expression in lung tissues. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation ( n = 6). &&& p < 0.001 versus sham group; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus LPS group; ### p < 0.001 versus LPS + Olaparib (100 mg/kg) group.

Article Snippet: In the combination group, compound C (20 mg/kg; 99.10% purity; HY‐13418A, MedChemExpress) was co‐administered with Olaparib (100 mg/kg) 1 h after LPS injection.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Western Blot, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Analysis, Standard Deviation